Miecz z okładki "Światowita"

Abstrakt

N a karcie tytułowej drugiego numeru „Swiatowita" z 1900 roku pojawiła się po raz pierwszy winieta autorstwa Mariana Wawrzenieckiego, w której istotnym elementem archeologicznym, obok wizerunku Światowida1 - patrona wydawnictwa, jest rysunek miecza (Fig. 1). Wprawdzie okaz wyobrażony przez artystę został częściowo przysłonięty przez centralny element kompozycji, ale bez trudu można stwierdzić, że jest to miecz wyposażony w rękojeść o prostym trzonie z trzema taśmowatymi zgrubieniami, zwieńczonym tarczkowatą głowicą z wyraźnie wyeksponowanym guzkiem. Dzwonowaty jelec ma podkowiaste wycięcie. Uwidocznione na nim zostały dwa nity mocujące rękojeść do nasady głowni. Liściowata głownia wąska u nasady, największą szerokość osiąga w !/3 długości licząc od sztychu. Środkowe żeberko nie dochodzi do sztychu. Ani na rękojeści, ani na głowni nie zaznaczono żadnych motywów ornamentacyjnych.<br>SWORD FROM THE COVER OF „SWIATOWIT". On the title page of the second number of "Swiatowit" from 1900 appeared for the first time a vignette by Marian Wawrzeniecki. Apart from the image of Swiatowid - the patron of the publication, an important element of the vignette is the drawing of a sword (Fig. 1). Its characteristics suggest its classification as the mid European sword of Liptov type. In Poland swords of this type are dated to the second half of the 3rd and the 1st half of the 4th period of the Bronze Age. Today it is difficult to guess the reason for using the motif of a sword in the composition of the emblem of "Swiatowit". It is not certain whether the drawing is an impression inspired by many images of swords that had been published or the artist copied one of the then known artifacts. It seems probable that the logo of the publication founded by Erazm Majewski would be an object belonging to his collection. Although Majewski's private archaeological museum lacked a sword of the Liptov type, the inventory book contained an information about a bronze copy of a sword of this type with the number 4694. The copy was made according to the original (Fig. 2) found in 1878 in Kobiernice in Silesia administrative district. Until 1919 the sword was in the hands of Stanisław Tomkowicz, the proprietor of Kobiernice, who later on gave it over to the Institute of Prehistory at Jagiellonian University. The circumstances in which Erazm Majewski acquired the copy are not clear, though it was undoubtedly handed over by professor Pekosiński. The copy might have been commissioned by Majewski, after his visit to Cracow in 1895. He met there Włodzimierz Demetrykiewicz, who in 1898 published for the first time a drawing of the sword from Kobiernice. Formal characteristics of the copy, although a little different from the image in the vignette, suggest that the object was a model or at least an inspiration for the artist. It is worth mentioning that also the figure of Swiatowid - the central and very important element of the vignette is not an exact copy of the original. There was another aspect of the idea of using an artefact of Galician origin. Both Erazm Majewski and Marian Wawrzeniecki were at that time very close to Włodzimierz Demetryk. They valued his friendship highly and the vignette of "Swiatowit" appeared for the first time in a number devoted to the 500th anniversary of the Jagiellonian University founding.