Technological Insights into Early Medieval Slavic Lead-Glazed Pottery: Local Craftsmanship and its Broader Archaeometric Context
2025, 63, Numer 1
DOI
Data publikacji
Model publikowania
Rodzaj licencji
Dziedzina
Dyscyplina
Język publikacji
Abstrakt
This study examines the technological development and material composition of glazed pottery from Lesser Poland, highlighting two distinct glazing horizons spanning the 11th to 13th centuries. Employing analytical methods, including lead isotope analysis (MC-ICP-MS), SEM-EDS, and pXRD, the research establishes a connection between early glazing practices and regional polymetallic ore deposits from Upper Silesia. The findings reveal a significant technological progression: an earlier phase (mid-11th to early 12th century) characterized by durable, lead-rich glazes, followed by a later phase (12th–13th century) marked by thinner and more refined glazing techniques. This investigation provides novel insights into the innovation, technological adaptation, and regional craftsmanship of early medieval Polish pottery, contributing to the broader understanding of interregional production networks and the diffusion of technological knowledge in medieval Europe.
Słowa kluczowe:
Bibliografia
Auch M. 2012, Wczesnośredniowieczne naczynia szkliwione z terenu zachodniej Małopolski, Archeologia Polski 57, 199–246.
Baxter M. 2016, Multivariate Analysis of Archaeometric Data: An Introduction. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/24456912/Multivariate_Analysis_of_Archaeometric_Data_An_Introduction. Accessed 17 Oct. 2024.
Bodnar R., Rozmus D., Szmoniewski B. Sz. 2005, Hutnictwo srebra i ołowiu we wczesnym średniowieczu w świetle odkryć w Dąbrowie Górniczej-Łośniu (wybrane zagadnienia), in: J. Sperka, S. Witkowski (eds), Osadnictwo nad Przemszą i Brynicą w średniowieczu, Sosnowiec-Cieszyn, 54–74.
Bodnar R., Krudysz L., Rozmus D., Szmoniewski B. Sz. 2006, Wczesnośredniowieczna ceramika szkliwiona z Dąbrowy GórniczejŁośnia. Skarb hutnika, Kraków-Dąbrowa Górnicza.
Church S. E., Vaughn R. B. 1992, Lead isotopic characteristics of the Cracow-Silesia Zn-Pb ores, southern Poland, U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 92-93, 1–16.
Cultrone G., Rodriguez-Navarro C., Sebastian E., Cazalla O., De La Torre M. J. 2001, Carbonate and silicate phase reactions during ceramic firing, European Journal of Mineralogy 13, 621–634.
Cultrone G., Molina E., Arizzi A. 2014, The combined use of petrographic, chemical and physical techniques to define the technological features of Iberian ceramics from the Canto Tortoso area (Granada, Spain), Ceramics International 40, 10803–10816.
Czech-Błońska R., Siuda R., Miśta-Jakubowska E., Duczko W. 2023, Chemical composition of early medieval arsenic sulphide glass beads as an indicator of the origin of the raw material. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 52, 104291.
Duczko W., Miśta-Jakubowska E., Czech-Błońska R. 2022, Metals – Ornaments – History. Contacts of Slavic and Scandinavian Elites in the Viking Age, Wrocław.
Durali-Mueller S., Brey G. P., Wigg-Wolf D., Lahaye Y. 2007, Roman lead mining in Germany: its origin and development through time deduced from lead isotope provenance studies. Journal of Archaeological Science, 34, 1555–1567.
Hauptmann A., Pernicka E., Wagner G. A. 1988, Untersuchungen zur Prozeßtechnik und zum Alter der frühen Blei-Silbergewinnung auf Thasos, in: G. A. Wagner, G. Weisgerber (eds), Antike Edel- und Buntmetallgewinnung auf Thasos, Bochum, 88–112.
Heimann R. B. 1989, Classic and Advanced Ceramics, Weinheim.
Höltken T. 2001, Die Keramik des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit aus dem Elsbachtal. Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-WilhelmsUniversität Bonn, Bonn.
Hrubý P., Hejhal P., Malý K. 2007, Montanarchäologische Forschungen in Jihlava-Staré Hory (Iglau-Altenberg, Tschechien), Zeitschrift für Archäologie des Mittelalters 35, 17–60.
Husi P. 2003, Chrono-typologie de la céramique de Tours et réseaux d’approvisionnement de la ville, in: Ph. Hussi (ed.), La céramique médiévale et moderne du Centre-Ouest de la France (11e-17e siècle), Tours, 23–38.
Jesett S. 2003, Chrono-typologie de la céramique d’Orléans et réseaux d’approvisionnement de la ville, in: Ph. Hussi (ed.), La céramique médiévale et moderne du Centre-Ouest de la France (11e-17e siècle). Tours, 15–22.
Karasiński J., Bulska E., Halicz L., Tupys A., Wagner B. 2023, Precise determination of lead isotope ratios by MC-ICP-MS without matrix separation exemplified by unique samples of diverse origin and history, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 38, 2468-2476.
Klappauf L. 1989, Auswirkung der Grabungen im frühmittelalterlichen Herrensitz Düna bei Osterode am Harz auf die Montanforschung im Harz, Nachrichten aus Niedersachsen Urgeschichte 58, 171–184.
Lehmann, R. 2011, Archäometallurgie von mittelalterlichen deutschen Silberbarren und Münzen, Hannover.
Marciniak J. 1929–1932, Tymczasowe wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na cmentarzysku wczesnohistorycznym w Strzemieszycach Wielkich, w powiecie będzińskim, Przegląd Archeologiczny 4, 238–241.
Marciniak J. 1960, Cmentarzysko szkieletowe z okresu wczesnośredniowiecznego w Strzemieszycach Wielkich, pow. Będzin Materiały Wczesnośredniowieczne 5, 141–186.
Mathur R., Powell W., Miśta-Jakubowska E., Duczko W., Czech-Błońska R., Błoński M., Janowski A., Żołędziowski K., Jagodziński M., Gójska A., Kamenov G. 2024, Isotopic metal compositions of Viking and medieval tin artifacts from Poland reveal expansive trade network, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 53, 104296.
Merkel J. F. 2007, Imperial Roman production of lead and silver in the northern part of Upper Moesia (Mt. Kosmaj area), Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society 23, 39–78.
Merkel S. W., Florkiewicz I., Jansen M., Bode M., Wołoszyn M. 2024, Evidence for Slavic lead mining and trade: Early Rus’ lead seals from Czermno and Gródek on the Polish Rus’ border, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 56, 104539.
Matschke K. P. 2002, Mining, in: A. E. Laiou (ed.), The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Volume 1. Washington D.C., 115–120.
Mecking O. 2013, Medieval lead glass in Central Europe. Archaeometry, 55 (4), 640–662.
Miśta-Jakubowska E., Dzięgielewski K., Rozmus D., Czech-Błońska R., Szymaszkiewicz M., Michnik M., Gójska A., Karasiński J., Garbacz-Klempka A., Wagner B., Duczko W. 2024, The first isotopic evidence of Early Iron Age lead ore exploitation in the Silesian-Krakow upland, Poland: A provenance study of Lusatian culture lead ornaments, Archaeometry 67 (3), 1–18.
Miśta-Jakubowska E., Duczko W., Kowalska A. B., Czech-Błońska R., Mathur R., Gójska A., Rozmus D., Oleszak D., Siuda R., Klimaszewski J. 2024a, Amulets from Viking-age Baltic coast: A unique hoard from Piaski-Dramino (Poland) in the light of provenance and technological research of silvercraft art, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 53, 104356.
Tylecote, R. F. 1986, The Prehistory of Metallurgy in the British Isles, London.
Rohl B. M. 1996, Lead Isotope Data from the Isotrace Laboratory, Oxford: Archaeometry Data Base 2, Galena from Britain and Ireland. Archaeometry 38, 165–180.
Rodriguez-Navarro C., Cultrone G., Sanchez-Navas A., Sebastian E. 2003, TEM study of mullite growth after muscovite breakdown, American Mineralogist 88, 713–724.
Rogaczewska A. 2005, Osada wczesnośredniowieczna w Dąbrowie Górniczej – Strzemieszycach Wielkich, stanowisko 2. in: J. Sperka, S. Witkowski (eds), Osadnictwo nad Przemszą i Brynicą w średniowieczu. Sosnowiec-Cieszyn, 75–88.
Rozmus D. 2014, Wczesnośredniowieczne zagłębie hutnictwa srebra i ołowiu na obszarach obecnego pogranicza Śląska i Małopolski (druga połowa XI-XII/XIII wieku), Kraków.
Rozmus D., Garbacz-Klempka A. 2017, Wczesnośredniowieczna ceramika szkliwiona z Dąbrowy Górniczej-Łośnia i innych stanowisk archeologicznych związanych z metalurgią srebra i ołowiu – wybrane zagadnienia, in: S. Siemianowska, P. Rzeźnik, K. Chrzan (eds), Ceramika i szkło w archeologii i konserwacji, Wrocław, 261–285.
Stos-Gale Z. 2004, Lead-isotope analyses of glass, glazes and some metal artifacts, in: G. F. Bass, S. D. Matthews, J. R. Steffy, F. H. van Doorninck, Jr., S. Limani (eds), An Eleventh-Century Shipwreck, Volume I: The Ship and Its Anchorage, Crew, and Passengers. College Station, 453–467.
Stos-Gale Z. A. 1993, The origin of copper-based metals from the Roman period settlement of Jakuszowice in Southern Poland, Journal of European Archaeology, 1(2), 101–131.
Szmoniewski B. Sz., Miśta-Jakubowska E., Zamelska-Monczak K., Siuda R., Kolenda J., Czech-Błońska R. 2025, Medieval Glazed Ceramics from Kraków Nowa Huta-Zesławice, Site 88, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Their Formal and Technological Analysis, Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 77 (2), 475-506.
Trincavelli J., Limandri S., & Bonetto R. 2014, Standardless quantification methods in electron probe microanalysis, Spectrochimica Acta Part B 101, 76–85.
Wajda S., Merkel S. W., Florkiewicz I., Jansen M., Marciniak-Maliszewska B., Wagner B., Wołoszyn M. 2024, Early medieval lead glass bangles from Czermno, Poland: Results of elemental and lead isotopes analyses, Archaeometry 66 (2), 306–325.
Whitehouse D. B. 1980, Medieval pottery in Italy: The present state of research, in: La céramique médiévale en Méditerranée occidentale, Xe-XVe s., Valbonne, 11-14 septembre 1978, Paris, 65–82.
Verhaeghe F., 1969, Belgium, in: J. Hurst (ed.), Red-painted and glazed pottery in Western Europe from the eighth to the twelfth century, Medieval Archaeology 13, 106–112.
Zartman R. E., Pawlowska J., Rubinowski Z. 1979, Lead isotopic composition of ore deposits from the Silesia-Cracow mining district, in: Research on the genesis of zinc-lead deposits of Upper Silesia, Poland. Proceedings of the Institute of Geology 95, 133–151.
Inne artykuły z tego numeru
- World War IIGusenconcentration campUrnfield cultureBronze AgeEarly Iron Age
Archaeological Research at the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Cemetery near Kogelberg Hill in Upper Austria during World War II
- East PrussiaLate Roman PeriodBogaczewo CultureWest Balts
A Mysterious Brooch from the Southern Outskirts of Masuria
- Cherniakhiv cultureearly Slavic culturesettlement in Komarivsemi-dugout dwellingsstone ovensLate Roman periodLate Antiquity
The Slavic Component of the Cherniakhiv Culture Settlement in Komariv
Podobne publikacje
- World War IIGusenconcentration campUrnfield cultureBronze AgeEarly Iron Age
Archaeological Research at the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Cemetery near Kogelberg Hill in Upper Austria during World War II
- East PrussiaLate Roman PeriodBogaczewo CultureWest Balts
A Mysterious Brooch from the Southern Outskirts of Masuria
- Cherniakhiv cultureearly Slavic culturesettlement in Komarivsemi-dugout dwellingsstone ovensLate Roman periodLate Antiquity
The Slavic Component of the Cherniakhiv Culture Settlement in Komariv