Exploitation of Animals at an Early Iron Age Site at Topaz Gala (Turkmenistan)
2014, 53, Tom 53, Nr A
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In 2009–2012, an archaeological mission of the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, headed by M. Wagner, performed excavation works at Topaz Gala, located in the Serakhs oasis, southern Turkmenistan (WAGNER 2011). The site is situated on afairly small hill (55×75 m and a height ofalmost 3 m), on the eastern side of the road from the town of Serakhs to Mary (previously called Merv),ata distance of 12 km from the former one (Fig. 1). It is surrounded with irrigation channels in the north, west, and south. The channels constitute part of the main channel (Kiçi Aga yap) supplying the oasis with water. Relics of a building interpreted as the fire temple, dated to the yaz II Period (900–550 bC) of the Early Iron Age (CATTANI, GENITo 1998: 75), 1 were discovered during the exploration of the site (Fig. 2). The edifice consisted of four rooms (Nos. 1–4). The most important of them (No. 1), a rectangular one, was divided into smaller parts with three pairs of walls and pillars, and in its western compound four exploration/documentation areas were distinguished (1a–1d). one of them (No. 1b) contained relics of a round clay structure and a storage vessel which perhaps served for storing ashes. Three other rooms (Nos. 2–4) were located next to Room 1 on eastern side,and their functionsare yet to beidentified. The whole structure is surrounded with a passage (Nos. 7–8) which runsaround the building between its wallsand theexternal walls with fortified towers (WAGNER 2014). outside of the building three other units were labelled, namely areas: No. 5 (a southern one), No. 6 (an eastern one), and No. 9 (a western one). occupation layers connected with these structures contained fragments of pottery vessels, stone objects and animal boneremains. Theaim of this work is to present the results of archaeozoological analysis of faunal remains and on that basis to reconstruct models of animal exploitation by the people of Topaz Gala in the Early Iron Age.
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