Defensive walls of Chersonesos Taurica : an analysis of destruction and reconstruction traces
2013, 52, Tom 52, Nr A
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Reasons of destruction of architectural substance in ancient cities and towns are often discussed as research subjects. Destructions could be caused both by natural factors as well as by the activity of man. Sieges,although often well-known, usually did not cause extensive destructions of fortifications, which would beidentifiable until today forarchaeologistsand architects. Moreover, it seems that damage caused by siege engines available in Antiquity should be of punctual nature, and fissures should go radially in relation to the point of application of force. Such conclusions may be drawn among others from the analysis of kinds of siege engines which were in use (vITR. de arch. 10. 10–15). Such evidentand unambiguousarchaeologicalevidence of siegeactivitiesas traces of fights in asap under one of turrets at Dura Europos is also rare (JAMES 2004: 38). Much more extensive and better legible destructions are left by catastrophes related to endogenous geological processes. Best known are of course entire archaeological sites where the life was extinguished by eruptions of volcanoes, as it is the case at Santorini, Pompeii or herculaneum. Layers of sand and silt which are remains of tsunami waves, which hit various parts of the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the past, are sometimes also easily identifiable (i.a.: LUqUE ET AL. 2002; SALAMoN ET AL. 2007; SChEFFERS, SChEFFERS 2007). A vast majority of territories on the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea are zones of considerable seismic activity. Small quakes are everyday matter, while strong (devastating) earthquakes occur in the majority of mentioned territories every some dozen or several hundred years. Traces of seismicactivity which wererecorded in written and archaeological sources have already been discussed in a number of publications(i.a.:AMBRASEyS 1994; 2005; 2006; GooDChILD 1966–1967; hAyNES, NIEMI, ATALLAh 2006; JAWoRSKI 2009; MARCo 2008; RUSSELL 1980; 1985; SULEIMAN, ALBINI, MIGLIAvACCA 2004), including a major work in the form of a catalogue (GUIDoBoNI ET AL. 1994). In thelight of this data, Crimea (ancient Taurica) seems to be an extremely poorly investigated area.
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