Animal remains from middle bronze age graves at Tell Arbid (Syria)
2011, 50, Tom 50, Nr A
DOI
Data publikacji
Model publikowania
Rodzaj licencji
Dziedzina
Dyscyplina
Klasyfikacja
Język publikacji
Abstrakt
In the course of a dozen seasons (1997–2008) of archaeological excavations at the site of Tell Arbid in north-eastern Syria, 32 graves from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) were brought to light. According to a local stratigraphy, the graves were associated with three consecutive phases of the MBA settlement on the site and were dated from the beginning of MBA I until the end of MBA II. There were 6 graves of theearliest phase(phase 1), dated to the MBA I, 24 graves of the intermediate phase (phase 2) dated to MBA II, and 2 graves of the final phase (phase 3), also dated to MBA II; thetwo latter phases yielded Khabur ware vessels. MBA graves were located in several places on the site, on the top of the tell (sector S), on its eastern slope (sector SR, later labeled P, and sector Sd), on the southern slope (sector W), on the western slope (sector M), and on the north-western slope (sector d) (fig. 1). Throughout the MBA, the graves from Tell Arbid remained within the same burial tradition. This continuation can be seen in the persistence of intra muros burials within family cemeteries, and in a similar construction of the graves. The burials have modest and standardized sets of grave goods. They include vessels (often of poor quality), a few personal ornaments and – very rarely – objects of symbolic meaning indicating thesocial status of the deceased, such as weapons or an incense burner. Several graves contained also some animal bone remains. This paper presents the results of an archaeozoological analysis of the animal bones and considers the reasons behind their presence in the graves.
Bibliografia
BIROT M.1980 Fragment de rituel de Mari relatif au kispum, (in:) B. Alster (ed.), death in Mesopotamia. Papers read at theXXvie rencontre assyriologique internationale, Mesopotamia 8, Copenhagen, 139–150.
CARTER E., PARKER A.1995 Pots, People and the archaeology of death in northern syria and southern anatolia in the latter Half of thethird Millennium bC, (in:) S. Campbell, A. Green (eds.), the archaeology of death in the ancient neareast, oxbow Monograph 51, oxford, 96–117.
CORDY J.-M., LEON S., TUNCA Ö.2009 les offrandes animales dans les tombes ordinaires de l’Âge du bronze à Chagar bazar (Chantier F, H et i). rapport préliminaire, “Akkadica” 130/I, 53–73.
DOHMANN-PFäLZNER H., PFäLZNER P.2000 ausgrabung der deutschen orient-gesellschaft in der zentralen oberstadt von tall Mozan/urkeš. bericht überdie in Kooperation mit dem iiMas durchgeführte Kampagne 1999, “Mitteilungen der deutschen orient--Gesellschaft” 132, 185–228.
VON DEN DRIESCH A.1976 a guide to the Measurement of animal bones from archeological sites as developed by the institut fürPalaeanatomie, domestikationsforschung und geschichte der tiermedizin of the university of Munich, PeabodyMuseum Bulletin 1, harvard.
VON DEN DRIESCH A., BOESSNECK J.1974 Kritische anmerkungen zur Wiederristhöhenberechnung aus längenmasen vor- und frühgeschichtlichertierknochen, “Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen” 22, 325–348.
DUCÓS P.1970 the oriental institute excavations at Mureybit, syria, Preliminary report on the 1965 Campaign, Part 4, lesrestes d’Équidés, “Journal of Near Eastern Studies” 29, 273–289.
DURAND J.-M.2002 les documents épistolaires du palais de Mari i, Littératures anciennes du Proche-orient, Paris
KIESEWALTER L.1888 skelettmessungen am Pferde als beitrag zur theoretischen grundlage der beurteilungslehre des Pferdes, Leipzig(transcript of the Ph.d. thesis in Universität Leipzig – non vidi).
KOBRYŃ H.1989 Zastosowanie metody punktowej w badaniach wykopaliskowych szczątków kostnych konia (equus PrzewalskiF. Caballus), “Archeologia Polski” XXXIv/1, 7–12.
KOLDA J.1936 srovnavaci anatomie zviřat domacich se zřetelem k anatomii člověka, Brno.
KOLIŃSKI R.2009 report on the activities of the Polish-syrian Mission to tell arbid, north eastern syria, spring season of 2009,www.archeo.amu.edu.pl/tellarbid/Summary%20report%202009%20ang.pdf (accessed on 04.12.2011).
LASOTA-MOSKALEWSKA A.1984 Morphotic Changes of domestic Cattle skeleton from the neolithic age to the beginning of the iron age,“Wiadomości Archeologiczne” XLv/2 (1980), 119–163.
LASOTA-MOSKALEWSKA A., KOBRYŃ H., ŚWIEŻYŃSKI K.1987 Changes in the size of domestic and Wild Pig in the territory of Poland from the neolithic to the Middle ages,“Acta Theriologica” 32/5, 51–81.
LUTNICKI W.1972 uzębienie zwierząt domowych, Warszawa – Kraków.
PECORELLA P.E.1999 tell barri/Kahat. la Campagna del 1999. relazione Preliminare, Firenze.
PIĄTKOWSKA-MAŁECKA J., WYGNAŃSKA Z.2006 szczątki zwierzęce z grobowca chaburskiego na stanowisku tell arbid (syria) jako przejaw wierzeń i rytuałówpogrzebowych, (in:) L. Kostuch, K. Ryszewska (eds.), Zwierzę jako sacrum w pradziejach i starożytności,Kielce, 77–100.
SCHRAMM Z.1967 Kości długie a wysokość w kłębie u kozy, “Roczniki Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Poznaniu” 36, 89–105.
TEICHERT M.1975 osteometrische untersuchungen zur berechnung der Widerristhöhe bei schafen, (in:) A.T. Clason (ed.),archaeozoological studies: Papers of the archaeozoological Conference 1974, held at the biologisch--archaeologisch instituut of the state university of groningen, Amsterdam–New york, 51–69.
TSUKIMOTO A.1985 untersuchungen zur totenpflege (kispum) im alten Mesopotamien, Alter orient und Altes Testament 216,Kevelaer – Neukirchen-vluyn.
WYGNAŃSKA Z.2011 burial Customs at tell arbid (syria) in the Middle bronze age. Cultural interrelations with nile delta andlevant, “Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean” XX (Research 2008), 605–618.
ZARINS J.1986 equids associated with Human burials in third Millennium b.C. Mesopotamia: two Complementary Facets,(in:) R. Meadow (ed.), equid in the ancient World, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des vordern orients,Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften) 19/1, Wiesbaden, 164–193.