Światowit

Corinthian Roman Relief Bowls from "Acrae", Prov. Syracuse, South-Eastern Sicily

2014, 53, Tom 53, Nr A

Roksana Chowaniec

0000-0003-3882-8797

DOI

-

Publication date

09.02.2015

Publishing model

open access

License type

CC BY 4.0 Int.

Field

Humanities

Discipline

archeology

Language of publication

English

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Abstract

The ancient town of Acrae (present-day Palazzolo Acreide) was established by Syracuse as a colony named Akrai/’Ακραι in 664/663 bC. The town was dependent on the metropolis in political, cultural or economic contexts. Foralmost or overacentury itacted merely asa guardian at Syracuse’s borders, which is explained by its military and strategiclocation. Up to the 3rd c. bC, thetown had a marginal significance, while about the mid-3rd c. bC, at the time of the rule of the Syracusan tyrant hieron II, an intensive development began (bERNAbò bREA 1956; ChoWANIEC 2013). After the Roman conquest of Sicily in 241 bC, and subsequently, with the establishment of Sicily as the first Roman province in 227 bC and the defeat of Syracuse in 212 bC, Acrae was mentioned on the list of stipendiariae civitates, i.e., towns paying tribute to Rome (ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICz 2010). Archaeological evidence to confirm the functioning of the town in the long period between 212 bC and the byzantine era is not well explored. 1 once more, the town is mentioned asacentre of Christianity in eastern Sicily, second only to Syracuse, which is documented by several necropolises located in unused quarries orcloseto thetown (oRSI 1931; PUGLIESE CARRATELLI 1953; DISTEFANo 2002). Since 2009 new archaeological investigations have been carried out in Acrae, thanks to the cooperation between the Soprintendenza dei beni Culturali e Ambientali di Siracusa, authorised by Dr beatrice basile and Dr Rosa Lanteri, and the University of Warsaw. The studies have aimed at exploring the history of this Graeco-Roman urban centre and widening our knowledge about its inhabitants, along with their economic and cultural connections, as inferred from material findings supplementing hitherto scarce information provided by written sources (ChoWANIEC, MISIEWICz 2010). The archaeological excavations (2011– 2014) 2 were concentrated on exploring and studying Late Roman and byzantine strata, which covered destruction and levelling layers. Secondary strata were clearly visible in architectural remains, built with re-used blocks and construction elements. They copied and duplicated more or less faithfully earlier foundations of a Late hellenistic– Early Roman residential complex (Fig. 1) (ChoWANIEC 2015b). So far, theexcavations yielded an immenseamount ofartefacts witnessing a virtually uninterrupted continuance of the town from the 7th c. bC to at least the 7th c. AD (ChoWANIEC, WIęCEK, GUzzARDI 2014; ChoWANIEC 2015). Amongst the abounding collection of varied artefacts, items of everyday use were discovered, for example jewellery, coins, lamps or pottery. In addition to locally or regionally produced vessels, plentiful pottery assemblages 3 contained imports from, i.a., Pantelleria, North Africa, Gaul, workshops of Etruria and Campania, as well as Aegean thin-walled pottery from the western part of Asia Minor or Knidian relief bowls (DoMŻALSKI 2015; MłyNARCzyK 2015; WICENCIAK 2015). The presence of each category of imports in assemblages depends on the chronological framework of a given stratum.

Keywords:

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