Политическая история Эфталитов

Abstract

На территории Центральной Азии в разные эпохи проживали различные народы, которые оставили свой след на этой древней и богатой земле. Одним из таких народов являются Эфталиты, которые впервые упоминаются в письменных источниках с IV в. н.э.. Именно этот среднеазиатский народ сумел в V - VI вв. н.э. установить свое господство на довольно обширной территории. В пик своего могущества границы эфталитского государства простирались с востока на запад: от Хотана (Восточный Туркестан) до границ Ирана и с севера на юг: от степей нынешнего Казахстана до северо-западной Индии, то есть большая часть территорий Средней Азии, Афганистана, Пакистана, часть Индии и Китая (ряд оазисов Восточного Туркестана).<br>A POLITICAL HISTORY OF HEPHTALITES. The Hephtalites were a Central Asian peoples who migrated into the Oxus valley and thence south and southeastward into what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. As a people, they elude precise ethnic classification, being probably a blend of various tribes. Nonetheless, they retain a link to the complex group of peoples known in China as the Hsiung-Nu and in the west as the Huns. The first record of the Hephtalites is in 4th c. AD written sources. In the 5th-6th c. AD, they managed to establish their domination over a rather extensive territory. At the peak of their power, their borders reached from Khotan (East Turkestan) to the borders of Iran and from the steppes of present Kazakhstan to northwest India. It was only with the rebuilding of Sasanian power under Khosrow I Anoshirvan, between AD 558 and 561, when the Persians acted in concert with the newly arrived Turkish horde, that the two powers were finally able to crush the Hephtalites in an epic battle near Bukhara. Subsequently, the Hephtalite tribes underwent gradual assimilation but did not disappear completely. There are indications to show that the Turkmen tribe of the Abdals, among others, is descendant from the Hephtalites.