Abstract

Zaklęcie 213 jest jednym z ponad siedmiuset zaklęć, które tworzą najstarszą religijną księgę starożytnego Egiptu - Teksty Piramid.1 Zaklęcie 213 zostało zapisane na południowej ścianie Komory Sarkofagowej piramidy Unisa (ok. 2380-2350 p.n.e.)2 oraz w piramidach Teti (ok. 2318-2300 p.n.e.), Pepi I (ok. 2295-2250 p.n.e.), Merenre I (ok. 2250-2245 p.n.e.), Pepi II Neferkare (ok. 2245-2180 p.n.e.), a także królowych Neit, Iput i Udżebten.3<br>SPELL 2 1 3 FROM THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMID TEXTS. The writer's aim has been the thorough, philological and semantic, analysis of the spell 213, as well as examining the existing publications in this field (including the only earlier translation of the spell into Polish by Tadeusz Andrzejewski). The spell has been quoted frequently either to endorse or to refute identification of the deceased pharaoh with the god-demiurge Atum. Having weighed the contextual arguments the author has attempted to scrutinise the implications of the spell 213, to understand the need of the pharaoh identification with Atum the creator and jackal-headed deity. After death the pharaoh was to take his place at the head of the Ennead, at the head of both all gods and the Imperishable Stars, which was ensuring his authority over the Beyond. The fact that the deceased assumed the god's form by means of identification of his body members with those of the gods (Atum's and Jackal's), guaranteed the pharaoh indispensable power to compel the mounds of Horus and Seth, i.e. Lower and Upper Egypt, to obey. The discussed spell was composed to protect the dead king by means of the identification with the gods. His face was that ofa Jackal-god which would endow the monarch with power; and his "entire body was that of Atum", thus he will endure for ever.