2000, 43, Tom 43, Nr A

Publication date

04.01.2000

Publishing model

open access

License type


Field

Humanities

Discipline

archeology

Language of publication

Polish

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Article

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Abstract

Kiedy kraj ogarnia wojna (także wojna domowa), ma ona nie tylko wymiar militarny czy ekonomiczny, ale przede wszystkim wymiar ludzki, który nie może nie interesować historyka. Tego aspektu często brakuje w źródłach, ale papirusy z Egiptu sprawiają nam niespodzianki i tak właśnie jest w przypadku, którym zajmiemy się poniżej. Zacznijmy od przypomnienia pewnego tekstu greckiego, zachowanego na papirusie pochodzącym z Egiptu.<br>WITH FIRE AND SWORD IN EGYPT. Greek papyri from Egypt - and especially the fragmentary "Acts of the Alexandrian martyrs" (Acta Alexandrinorum) - mention the controversy between the Hellenic and Jewish inhabitants of Roman Alexandria. The massacre of Alexandrian Jews by their Greek neighbours under Caligula in 38 was only a beginning. The war in Judaea under Nero caused further disastrous events in Alexandria. The conflict came to a climax during the great uprising of the Jews under Trajan (AD 115- 117). It ended with a catastrophe of Jewish community in Egypt. Not much is known about these events. The summary and biased descriptions by Cassius Dio (known through the excerpts of Xiphilinus) and Eusebius do not throw much light on the true nature and details of the fatal struggle. The archive of Apollonios, a strategus of the Apollonopolite nome, combined with the evidence given by some literary sources, demonstrates how dramatic the events were. It also shows the impact of the situation on the hellenized Egyptians.